Vaccination failure

Vaccination failure due to actual vaccine failure or failure to vaccinate (see CIOMS-WHO19).

Vaccination failure may be defined based on clinical endpoints or immunological criteria, where correlates or surrogate markers for disease protection exist. Primary failure (e.g. lack of seroconversion or seroprotection) needs to be distinguished from secondary failure (waning immunity) (see CIOMS-WHO19 ).

See also Vaccine failure, Failure to vaccinate